Social Inequality And Its Impact On Academic Achievement

The American Dream is built on one thing, social mobility. It is this that allowed one to come here with nothing and go from poor to middle class and beyond. It is what has defined us as a nation for so long and it is what drew so many of millions of immigrants to our shores. But as the social wealth gap grows larger and larger we must ask ourselves where this opportunity has gone for so many. Why is it that so many are failing to achieve this once so imaginable dream? What is causing the decrease in social mobility? Although it is tempting to say, and believe, that social mobility is a separate entity from social equality, statistics have shown otherwise. According to â€Å"The Atlantic,† research done by Elise Gould of the Economic Policy Institute shows that social inequality is the leading cause in the hindrance of social mobility. Decades of social research has shown that a person’s socioeconomic status has the greatest impact on their academic achievement. We all agree that proper education is one’s greatest tool to social upward mobility. My own grandmother and great grandmother went to school together at night when their store was closed because they knew that education was their greatest asset. Therefore, we must take extra care when it comes to academia and what causes academic success. It is this factor that makes one’s socioeconomic status so important. This is why we can’t say social mobility is the problem and not social inequality, for they are inextricablyShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Factors Of A Student s Life And Lower Academic Outcomes1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe current social climate has no small amount of xenophobia, apathy towards the poor and inequality. Much literature has been written on how particular segments of the population are disadvantaged through their identity, limited access to resources and socialization (Ewing, 2013; Grattan, 2014 October). In addition, connections have been established between disadvantage in the context of a student’s life and lower academic outcomes (Gorski, September 2013, p. 49). The aim of this paper is to considerRead MoreA Student s Cultural Capital Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesA student’s cultural capital will have an impact on their education. It will either be positive or it can be negative for the child. In this essay I will explain the idea of cultural capital and then use it to analyse the impact it has had on education in different settings. The first educational setting I will discuss is a story called Butterflies, written by Patricia Grace (2002), and the second being the contrast in education between high and low decile schools in New Zealand. This essay willRead MoreProblems with Ethnicity and Race in the Classroom855 Words   |  3 PagesEthnicity relates to cultural differences that may exist as different social groups, whereas race relates to biological differences such as skin colour, eye shape and hair tex ture and is seen as a social construct that has little or no scientific justification. Sociologists prefer to use the term ‘race’ as they see it as being more useful for the analysis of different social groups. Certain types of sociologists believe that race impacts a child from achieving in education however others do not. FunctionalistsRead MoreLow Socioeconomic Status Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus (SES) on one’s psychological well-being is well established. Prior studies show that low-SES not only impacts individuals’ mental well-being, but also affects their children’s developmental trajectories. This paper reviews one of these numerous studies and further discusses the influences of parental SES on one’s life outcomes, as well as intergenerational mobility and achievement gap through a developmental perspective. In particular, the study reviewed in this paper is a sequential researchRead MoreThe Importance Of Education In Education1549 Words   |  7 Pagescultivation† (Lareau 1). the lower class starts their academic career unequally compared to middle and upper class. Teachers need to realize that the student plays a role in their education as they do, students are not just passive recipients of knowledge. Whether its help-seeking or after school programs that don’t work, lower-class students in elementary school start their education off with unequal footing. School programs try to fix some of these inequalities but don’t take into account variables that preventRead MoreWhy Are You Seeking A Doctoral Degree?820 Words   |  4 Pagesclass â€Å" I do not know whether the increasing income inequality is an issue or not†. I was perplexed. I thought the goal of Economics, as a social science, was to achieve the maximum welfare of people while efficiently using res ources. So how is income inequality that renders many people worse off, not an issue? By not stating his opinion, he wished to remain unbiased. However, if everyone were to keep their understanding of justice and inequality to themselves without meaningful dialogues, no societalRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Academic Achievement1468 Words   |  6 Pagesthe victims of bullying in 10th grade will have lower achievement in 12th grade regardless of their race/ethnic background and that high-achieving black and Latino students, as indicated by 9th-grade GPA, will be more vulnerable to bullying. In contrast they expect that low-achieving Asian students, as indicated by 9th grade GPA, will be especially susceptible to bullying. Their main focus was to examine how bullying affects academic achievement. After conducting their research, the researchers cameRead MorePursuing An Education For Public Policy792 Words   |  4 Pagesclass â€Å" I do not know whether the increasing income inequality is an issue or not†. I was perplexed. I thought the goal of Economics, as a social science, was to achieve the maximum welfare of people while efficiently using resources. So how is income inequality that renders many people worse off, not an issue? By not stating his opinion, he wished to remain unbiased. However, if everyone were to keep their understanding of justice and inequality to themselves without meaningful dialogues, no societalRead MoreThe Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And Trust Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages Impact of Psychological Slavery on Attachment and Trust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) â€Æ' Table of Contents â€Æ' Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-AmericanRead MoreCity Schools And The American Dream : Reclaiming The Promise Of Public Education898 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil there is a genuine commitment to address the social context of schooling — to confront the urban condition — it will be impossible to bring about significant and sustainable improvements in urban public schools† (pg.6). Noguera believes that we must address the central problem to make any type of solutions for improvement. In chapter one and two Noguera talks about how urban schools are failing and how there is educational and achievement gaps. Noguera talks about Berkeley, Oakland, Richmond

Ethical Issues in Advertising - 1963 Words

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING Advertising is a paid non personal communication about an organization and its products that is transmitted to a target audience through a mass medium. It is a kind of promotional activity. Advertising is widely criticized. Advertisements often do not include much objective information for the simple reason that their primary function is not that of providing unbiased information. Exaggerated claims and outright falsehoods are the most obvious targets for complaints, followed closely by the lack of taste, irritating repetition, and offensive character of many ads. More recently, questions have been raised about the morality of specific kinds of advertising, such as advertising for alcohol and tobacco†¦show more content†¦The physically based desires originate in the buyer and are relatively immune to being changed by persuasion. The psychic desires, however , are capable of being managed, controlled, and expanded by advertisement. The most common criticism of advertisin g concerns its effects on the consumer’s beliefs. Most criticisms of advertising focus on the deceptive aspects of modern advertising. An advertisement can misrepresent the nature of the product by using deceptive mock-ups, using untrue paid testimonials, inserting word guarantee where nothing is guaranteed, and quoting misleading prices. ETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING Marketing consists of the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user. Marketing includes a number of distinct functions like product development, distribution, pricing, promotion and sales. The burden of protecting the interest of consumers falls primarily on consumers themselves. They have the responsibility for acquiring the information needed to make rational choices. â€Å"The number-one rule in market exchanges is thus caveat emptor, or buyer beware† (Hartley 1992). The burden of protecting their own interests is too heavy for consumers to bear, especially in view of the unequal relation between buyers andShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Advertising Communication2176 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation within the business; or deal with legal and similar issues. Business Communication encompasses a variety of topics, including Marketing, Branding, Customer relations, Consumer behaviour, Advertising, Public relations, Media relations, Corporate communication, Community engagement, Research Measurement, Reputation management, Interpersonal communication, Employee engagement, Online communication, and Event management . Advertising is the most widely known weapon in the marketing armory. ThisRead MoreEthical Issues Associated With Marketing And Advertising2384 Words   |  10 Pagesare concerned with what is right and wrong whereas law is concerned with what is lawful and unlawful. So Legal and ethical issues are closely related as they both deal with issues affecting the society in general. Ethical issues associated with Marketing and Advertising: Ethical issues in marketing arise from conflicts of interest among parties doing business with each other. Ethical marketing efforts and decisions should meet the expectations of the various players in the marketing effort (HalbertRead MoreEthical Issues for Advertising Tobacco Products Across1129 Words   |  5 PagesEthical issues for advertising tobacco products across borders. A case for Social Contract Theory Question 1: How can SCT and ISCT address the controversial nature of advertising and promoting cigarettes across international borders? Base on the case study, The Social Contract Theory  (SCT) generates a workable framework for solving ethical issues: * Sets main principles relevant to the organization in question * Recommends different principles for different communities * DeterminesRead MoreLegal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling1385 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology one sees around them and uses everyday has grown exponentially. In the field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). 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The enormous popularity of the internet in the past decade has opened doors for marketers in a manner that one could not have imagined twenty years ago. Marketers utilize the internet for the purpose of advertising products in a great way than otherRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1505 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements have on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. Selective marketing is used to discourage the demand from undesirable markets or just by disenfranchising them altogether. Examples of unethical market

Dracula and Victorian Culture Free Essays

In Dracula by Bram Stoker, the author explores Eastern European’s religion and culture in a number of ways, as well as traditional English notions of cultural superiority. It is important to note that the text primarily explores religion through antithesis. Stoker begins with the idea that Dracula and his ilk are damned creatures as far from God as possible, and piles upon them the sins that religion, presumably, is never guilty of: vampires are sexualized, decadent, and violent. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula and Victorian Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Worst of all to the religious readers is the fact that vampires pervert Christian notions of the resurrection of Jesus by portraying creatures who return from the grave not to provide guidance, but to prey on all of humanity. English superiority is asserted by the ending of the text, in which the English forces rout Dracula away from his pool of victims and ultimately destroy him. This represents the cycle of supernatural perversion being broken, allowing for the â€Å"normal† Christian lives to go on, free of evil’s taint. Stoker’s tale became famous for its unique take on the vampire myth. As opposed to being a horrific monster wandering the wilds, Dracula is a cultured count who is able to blend into high society (before, of course, feasting on it). By making an agent of evil unrecognizable as such, Stoker portrayed the 19th-century fear of The Other in a religious context. Readers are encouraged to hold fast to Christian beliefs, as that might be all that saves them from insidious infiltrators such as the Count. Fittingly enough, Dracula is not content with the power that he already has in the world, nor with his supernatural abilities: he wishes he could be in the world more, and affect the outcome of major events. This helps serve the didactic nature of the text. Even as Dracula is ostensibly a creature of unfathomable evil, he is portrayed as a collection of human faults, such as the lust for power. In that sense, he is a manifestation of collective sin, offering punishment for the decadent world. The world, in turn, has to settle for being saved by the English. Symbolically, Mina is the redemptive force for the sins of man in the text. She ostensibly represents the hetero-normative view which is necessary to be an exemplar of a Victorian Christian story, yet even after her marriage, she never seems sexualized by Stoker. Instead, she represents duty and obedience to her husband, as well as the more abstract qualities, such as intellect and more character. Her union with her husband is an obvious counterpoint to Dracula’s relationship with the three sisters: even in â€Å"proper† marriage, she is portrayed as chaste, bordering on sexless†¦the Victorian ideal. Regarding Dracula and his relationship to his three â€Å"sisters,† the reader is free to speculate on its true nature. At best, it seems to be a parody of matrimony, with the women representing a kind of harem (hence, the representations in pop culture of the three sisters as â€Å"the brides of Dracula). With Stoker taking special care to note two of the women resembling Dracula himself, there is even the possibility of incest added to the already-disturbing nature of erotic violence permeating the text. Erotic violence symbolically provides the ironic climax for Dracula himself. For all of the strange instruments that are wielded to ward off and harm vampires throughout the text, it is ultimately knives that are used to dispose of the Count. In this sense, English cultural superiority is asserted over its evil Other by appropriate the violence of the other: just as Dracula corrupts good people by piercing them, the countryside can only be cleansed (as in, returned to its Judeo-Christian, hetero-normative and ultraconservative state) by piercing Dracula himself. The violated become the violators, and the Other is driven from the countryside, once and for all. The purity of the countryside is even evoked by Dracula’s specialized dirt, a not-so-subtle representation of another land corrupting good Christian citizens before it is properly sterilized. There are hints of symbolic Eugenics embedded here: sterilizing a corrupting outsider’s land before driving him out so he can no longer convert others to his cause, leaving good Christians (such as Mina) to continue the proper race of the English (even though she remains so seemingly chaste). Ultimately, the reason for the enduring popularity of Stoker’s text is the surprisingly sympathetic nature of Count Dracula himself. He is at once a creature of two worlds: a horrible monster who literally preys on humanity, and a cultured old man who represents knowledge of the world. He is a bloodthirsty abomination who, nevertheless, seeks out companionship. He is an unknowable monster from the depths of hell, yet the shades that comprise him are made up of all-too-familiar human sins. Stoker doubtlessly wrote the book to reassert the cultural values of the time: his creature of the night, with human follies, is driven out and killed. Yet the text endures because, as times become less overtly Christian and much less conservative, individuals sympathize with the persecuted monster more than they do the gallant Christian forces. And long after Victorian England slips further into the footnotes of history, the vampire myth will continue attracting souls who perceive themselves as outcasts from the sterilizing forces of society. How to cite Dracula and Victorian Culture, Papers

Contract Law for Consideration and Legal Intention -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContract Law for Consideration and Legal Intention. Answer: Keith A. Rowleys article, You Asked for it, You Got it Toy Yoda: Practical Jokes, Prizes and Contract Law This article discusses about the assent, contractual intent and consideration issues that are involved in offers or acceptances that are made jokingly or in jest, contests, reward offers and other related topics. This article further talk about the essential factors that form a valid contract, such as offer, acceptance, consideration, legal intention to be bound by the contract and legal capacity to enter into a contract. The broad theories of contract have been stating that the law regulating the formation of contract is objective in nature although there are certain subjective elements[1]. A person acts in reliance only after comprehending that someone has made a commitment. It is the appearance of intention that matters the most and while it often refers to mutual assent, it takes place through performing or promising and an act of promising is defined as a manifestation of a commitment. The author discusses the case explicitly to explain the objective manifestation of assent test to safeguard the rights of the parties against persons who breaches the contractual terms on the ground that the agreement was made in jest. In the given case, the arguments regarding whether the contract formed between Berry and Blaire was legally binding involves two essential questions. Firstly, whether the statement made by Blaire was in jest such that it cannot be considered as acceptable by Berrys performance[2]. Secondly, whether the statement made by Blaire amounted to a valid offer to form a contract that is acceptable on Berrys performance, even if such statement was not made in jest. In regards to the first question whether any agreement made in jest can be considered as binding contract, the legal principle has been explained in Lucy v Zehmer [1954][3]. The objective theory of assent was applied by the court in this case. The defendant attempted to exempt from his contractual liabilities on the ground that he was joking while the agreement was made or that he did not have any legal intention to fulfill the promise he made to the plaintiff. The Supreme Court of Virginia held that if the words and conduct of a person is construed by a reasonable standard, it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whether such conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Therefore, under such circumstances, a person cannot state that he was joking or jesting while the agreement was made. If the words or the conduct of the person is such that any prudent person would believe that, such person had legal intention to bind the contract agreement. In the Lucys case, it was held as immaterial whether the writing that the defendant signed was the outcome of the serious offer that was made by Lucy and accepted by the defendant or whether such offer and acceptance between the parties was held in jest. Under either circumstance, it amounted to a binding sale contract between the parties. Further, in Mullen v Christiansen [Alaska 1982][4], the court held that a party who averts his/her contractual obligations, which otherwise is considered as a valid contract, shall bear the onus of proof that the parties did not have any legal intention to form a valid contract, despite the presence of objective manifestations of assent. The fact that there were differences that arose subsequently between the parties to the contract cannot be considered as sufficient evidence to establish validity of the original contract. Furthermore, the self-serving testimony of the parties to the contract with respect to their subjective intentions is not sufficient evidence to establish whether the parties have entered into the contract[5]. In Berrys case, in regards to the first formation issue whether the statement made by Blaire was in jest such that it cannot be considered as acceptable by Berrys performance, it can be stated that Berrys performance makes it clear that the statement made by Berry did amount to formation of a contract. This is evident from the fact when Blair stated the winner should receive a new Toyota[6]. As the contest advanced, Blair told Berry that he is not sure whether the contest winner would receive a Toyota truck, van or car, but she would have to pay registration fees on the vehicle. Any prudent person would have comprehended from the statement made by Blair that is was not made in jest and was a contract. He further blindfolded Berry and led her to the parking lot of the restaurant, which signifies that she was to be rewarded with the alleged Toyota Car. Therefore, his conducts as well as his words establishes the fact that it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whet her such conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Furthermore, any prudent person would believe that, Blair had legal intention to bind the contract agreement from his conduct and words. In regards to the second issue whether the statement made by Blaire amounted to a valid offer to form a contract that is acceptable on Berrys performance, even if such statement was not made in jest, the court found similarity between the nature of offer made in the Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893][7]. In Carlill, the defendant offered a 100 reward to anyone who contacted influenza despite using the flu treatment as per direction of the plaintiff. The offer made was held valid by the court as Carbolic made a valid offer that any person who uses the treatment as directed but still catches cold shall be rewarded and that Carlill had accepted such offer that makes it eligible to receive the rewards. The escrow deposit mentioned and made by Carbolic is the evidence of the sincere intention of the parties to the contract. The validity of the offer cannot be avoided on the ground that the reward was offered to any person who chose to accept the offer of using the smoke ball as per instructions[8]. The court further stated that the acceptance made by Carlill could not be defeated on the ground that she failed to acknowledge Carbolic that she has an intention to use the advertised treatment for two weeks as intended. Carbolic made a continuing offer that could have only be accepted by using the smoke ball as per its instructions. Furthermore, the only notice that was required to be sent to Carbolic was the notice in case, the advertised treatment failed to work as per instructions. Courts have opined that valid offers for unilateral contracts in reward offers and in prizes do not necessitates the offeree to establish that the offeror was at fault, but by merely performing certain act that the offeree was otherwise not obligated to perform, it establishes that the offeror was wrong[9]. In Las Vegas Hacienda, 359 P.2d at 86, the Nevada Supreme Court held that any offer made by one party to provide specified compensation on performing a certain act as a proposition to all persons who accepts such offer and comply with its conditions, shall be considered as a promise made by the offeror[10]. The performance of such act forms the consideration for such promise, which leads to the formation of contract enforceable at law. Further, to determine whether employer-initiated prizes amounts to enforceable contracts when the employees are already obliged to work on behalf of the employees, it is important to decide whether the obligation is pre-existing or an additional requirement not imposed by law previously. In the event, the contract requires an additional obligation to be performed by the employees, especially, when the law did not impose such obligation previously, such contract shall sustain by consideration and held valid. Offers made in unilateral contracts becomes legally binding upon the offering employer if an employee commences to perform the conditions of the offer in reliance of such offer[11]. Under the given facts of the case, the Hooters contest was not a simple drawing for winning the Toyota. Berry had to sell most of the beer at her restaurant for qualifying to win the Toyota. This was necessary for her to stay employed at Hooters, which was optional for her not to do; hence, she was encouraged to put in additional effort to get herself into the drawing to win Toyota, thus, amounting to consideration that is important to form a valid contract[12]. Therefore, from the above discussions, it can be held that the contract entered between Blair and Berry was valid and enforceable. In unilateral contacts, an offer and acceptance is valid when the offeree relies on such offer and performs the conditions of the offer[13]. As stated above, valid offers for unilateral contracts in reward offers and in prizes do not necessitates the offeree to establish that the offeror was at fault, but performance of certain act that the offeree was otherwise not obligated to perform, establishes that the offeror was wrong. Further, the fact that she had to sell most of the beers would get her into the drawings to win a Toyota, which were not her pre-existing obligations. Hence, this amounts to consideration that further renders the contract valid. When the conduct or words of a person is construed by any prudent person that the party has legal intention to be bound by the contract, it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whether su ch conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Thus, the contract was not made in jest and was enforceable in the court of law. Reference list Berry v Gulf Coast Wings Inc Caranta, Roberto. "Remedies in EU Public Contract Law: The Proceduralisation of EU Public Procurement Legislation."Review of European Administrative Law8.1 (2015): 75-98. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256 Frazier, Adrian. "Irish Acting in the Early Twentieth Century."The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Theatre. 2016. Fried, Charles.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Las Vegas Hacienda, 359 P.2d at 86 Lucy v Zehmer [1954] 84 S.E.2d 516 MacQueen, Hector Lewis. "Illegality and Immorality in Contracts: Towards European Principles." (2014). McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Mullen v Christiansen [Alaska 1982] 642 P.2d 1345, 1350 Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Veasey, E. Norman, and Jane M. Simon. "The Conundrum of When Delaware Contract Law Will Allow Evidence Outside the Contract's" Four Corners" in Construing an Unambiguous Contractual Provision."Business Lawyer72.4 (2017).