The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 Essay -- Essays Papers

The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 MAFIA - "a secret association having for its object the illicit control of any enterprise, legitimate or illegitimate, which it decides to infiltrate" (Allen 6). The decade of the 1920s was full of deception, corruption, and degeneration. The very embodiment of these qualities was the institution of the Italian-American Mafia. The syndicate began in Sicily and spread to encompass United States politics and the national economy. The post war era left the nation in a recession and vulnerable to organized crime. Changes in the country's attitudes and outlooks on the future paved the way for organized crime on a large scale. People were too preoccupied with bootleg booze, sexual promiscuity, and get-rich-quick schemes to notice the downward spiral of the government's respectability and integrity. The decadence of the decade and the feel good mentality of America's youth provided opportunities the industrious underworld leaders sought in order to gain control of the syndicate. The Mafia supplied America with the vices it longed for and in return America let the Mafia get away with murder. Not only did the syndicate accumulate power but a lso profited financially through prostitution, gambling, and bootlegging. These activities were the foundations of the Outfit's financial and political empires. Mafia power soon began to eclipse the authority of the law enforcement agencies, and the struggle between responsibility and autonomy began. Governmental corruption was a standard practice in the 1920s. In reference to a question on the underworld's power Don Calo, a Mafia chief replied, â€Å"†¦ between the law and the Mafia, the former is not the most to be feared† (... ...h (Allen 14). Many informants are willing to testify to a specific incident but not to the entirety. Their fear of retribution from the Outfit is much greater than their fear of the government. Even today, the only thing known with any degree of certainty is that the influence of the Mafia did not end with the 1920s. Works Cited - Allen, Edward J. Merchants of Menace-The Mafia: A Study of Organized Crime Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1962. - Bequai, August. Organized Crime Washington: Library of Congress, 1979. - â€Å"Charles ‘Lucky’ Luciano.† http://www.well.com/user/mod79/gangsters/luciano.html (3-25-98). - â€Å"Contempt of Court.† Alphonse Capone, aka. Al, Scarface. http://www.fbi.gov/famcases/capone.htm (3-27-98). - Gardiner, John A. The Politics of Corruption New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1970.

Macbeth English Ib-Hl Essay

ENGLISH HL SHAKESPEARE- MACBETH ESSAY It is human nature to be intrigued by all things mystical and dangerous. We fear the unknown but seek it nonetheless out of greed. Most of Shakespeare’s works hold an element of the supernatural and the play Macbeth is no exception. In this play we see a contemporary morality that warns of the dangers of trafficking with instruments of darkness; the witches in the play prophesize of Macbeths future as king, and Macbeth blinded by his hunger for power fails to recognize that the witches prophecies are luring him to evil .In act 1 scene 3 we see the effect that the excitement of the prophecies has had on his imagination as he begins to contemplate murdering the king. As Macbeth gets closer to kingship his imagination grows wild and evil. This essay will aim to describe how internal conflict, imagery and themes are used in establishing Macbeth’s confused, guilty and eventually confident state of mind as he made his way to Duncanâ€℠¢s chamber. Macbeth suffers from internal conflict as he battles with his guilt and ambitions to be king. The internal conflict of Man verses himself is seen in Macbeths aside in act 1 scene 3.This aside holds many powerful statements by Macbeth about his sense of confusion and torn state of mind. For example â€Å"the supernatural soliciting (temptation) cannot be ill- cannot be good†¦ if good, why do I yield to that suggestion† is an antithesis that gives the audience further insight into Macbeth’s way of reason. When broken down, this antithesis show that Macbeth knew something terrible was going to happened (â€Å"cannot be good†) but Macbeth, energized by the prophecies and possibility that he will be king (â€Å"cannot be ill†) knows he lacks the strength to overcome his desires.Macbeth is deeply agonized at the thought of killing the king who he has gained honor, respect and a good reputation from. He takes pride in his honor and fears ruining it. But the chance of being kings is too great of an opportunity for Macbeth to give up. To audiences and/or readers new to Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth may seem ruthless. But his doubts and uncertainties about killing the king show some sense of compassion and morality. Shakespeare often presents uncertain and abnormal conditions of the mind in the leading protagonists in his plays in order to excite and arouse emotions whether it is of pity, fear or astonishment within the udience. Macbeth does not think so much about the wrongness of killing Duncan but rather he looks at the innocence of Duncan and thinks about how the people will feel if the king were dead. Macbeth therefore spirals himself into a confused and hesitant state of mind as he fights to wrestle down his guilt in order to follow through with the murder of king Duncan. Macbeth has become consumed by his desperate desires to be king and has developed an overly active imagination in attempts to conjure up the cour age, willpower and confidence to find a way to successfully kill Duncan without being caught.Unfortunately Macbeth faces difficulties containing his active imagination and this leads him into mind states of denial uncertainty and confusion. All this is captured perfectly by Shakespeare’s use of the imagery of light and dark in act 1 scene 4:â€Å"stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires! † Light symbolizes life, virtue and goodness while the dark symbolizes evil and death. Macbeth requests the starts to hides their fires so that there is darkness, because the evil deeds he is about to commit are so horrible that It would blind ones sight to look, therefore partial blindness is necessary to carry it out.Light and darkness are extended metaphors to represent nature. Macbeth hides from nature (hides from the light of the stars) and uses nature to hide his cruel intentions (performs the murder in the dark of night). This particular phrase shows eq uivocation whereby Macbeth is denying himself of the knowledge that he is capable of such horrors by wanting the stars to hide their light from him. It is within this denial that a glimmer of uncertainty and confusion peak through Macbeth. If he were certain about the murder he would have had the confidence to face the exposing light of nature fearlessly.True evil fears no good. Macbeth fears the light then he cannot be a purely evil individual. A purely evil individual fears nothing but himself and to add to that note that is reason why Macbeth is referred to as a tragic hero and not a villain. His tragedy is profound because he realizes that killing the king is wrong and mentally and physically he is very hesitant to do so but he still give into his selfishness ambitions as he makes his ways to Duncan’s chambers. As we move closer to the king’s murder in act 2, the evil in Macbeth begins to strengthen and solidify.We begin to see the cunning traits of a murder surfac e in Macbeth as the theme of appearance verses reality is brought out in his character at the end of act 1 scene 7 when he says â€Å"false face must hide what false heart doth know†. This example implies that one can never truly tell what is on someone else mind by looking at the face; the face will hide the truth that the heart and mind (conscience) knows. There is a metaphoric reference to the reality that is behind Macbeth’s appearance. The false face that Macbeth speaks of is like a mask worn by a thief.Like a thief he will put on a mask and steal Duncan’s life and crown away from him and no will would know it is him as he is disguised. In the beginning of this scene Macbeth had come to the conclusion that his ambitions were not justified enough to kill Duncan who was a good king and good man. When he told his wife that they must not go ahead with the plans she questions his manhood. In my opinion Macbeth’s need to prove his manhood is the driving fo rce that fuels his strength to follow through with the murder. It is important to note that Macbeth is a strong soldier but a week man.He burdens insecurities about being barren. If it were not for lady Macbeth and her ridicule about his cowardice, Macbeth would have never risen to the occasion. As he made his way to Duncan’s chamber Macbeth still had hesitations however his wife scrutiny and attack on his manhood gave him the confidence to see their plans through. The tragic tale of Macbeth epitomizes the deadliness that ambition for power holds. Within an instant Macbeth’s honorable and worthy service in battle evolves itself into a cowardly attack on a helpless victim all in the name of greed and power.Macbeth is not a dastardly villain. He is a fallen hero who has been stained by malignant ambitions and insecurities of his manhood driven not only by himself but also by the dominant female figures in the play (the witches and Lady Macbeth in particular). Macbeth cra ves and strives for the crown of Scotland. However as the time to kill the king breaches closer and closer Macbeth has an increasing sense of confusion and uncertainty about the person he is and the person he is about to become.

The Morals And Attributes Of An Adult - 1276 Words

The morals and attributes of an adult depend on how the person in question was nurtured in the early age. Poor nurturing of kids leads to harsh life consequences in the maturity age of the child. The environment in which someone grows in having a significant implication on the life of a person. Residents in the cities will have entirely different ways of solving issues in front of them. Poor nurturing of little ones encourages uncouth behaviors such as involvement in drugs. Socialization is another factor that is subject to the early childhood development. Kids who grow in urban areas will behave in a different way as compared to children in the countryside. The modes of living and the lifestyles will dictate the background of the grown up in question. It is the responsibility of every parent to ensure that the children are well disciplined. Some parent has a perception that it is the responsibility of the father to make sure that their kids are well disciplined. This perception is one of the major causes of the crimes that are being experienced in the society. Single parented children are among the children that face poor parental care. These kids end up getting involved in the crimes, drugs, involvement in the premature male vs. female relationship. These are among the issues that are addressed in the movie Boyz in the Hoods. This paper discusses a review of the issues that revolve child growth as depicted in the film Boyz in the Hood. The film has apparently discussedShow MoreRelatedNursing Attributes1654 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss three attributes of a nurse: competencies, commitment and compassion with a rational. Ethics / Human rights and communication concepts across the human life span will also be discussed. The three attributes were chosen on the basis that it takes a special type of person to fulfil these requirements. 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Social Inequality And Its Impact On Academic Achievement

The American Dream is built on one thing, social mobility. It is this that allowed one to come here with nothing and go from poor to middle class and beyond. It is what has defined us as a nation for so long and it is what drew so many of millions of immigrants to our shores. But as the social wealth gap grows larger and larger we must ask ourselves where this opportunity has gone for so many. Why is it that so many are failing to achieve this once so imaginable dream? What is causing the decrease in social mobility? Although it is tempting to say, and believe, that social mobility is a separate entity from social equality, statistics have shown otherwise. According to â€Å"The Atlantic,† research done by Elise Gould of the Economic Policy Institute shows that social inequality is the leading cause in the hindrance of social mobility. Decades of social research has shown that a person’s socioeconomic status has the greatest impact on their academic achievement. We all agree that proper education is one’s greatest tool to social upward mobility. My own grandmother and great grandmother went to school together at night when their store was closed because they knew that education was their greatest asset. Therefore, we must take extra care when it comes to academia and what causes academic success. It is this factor that makes one’s socioeconomic status so important. This is why we can’t say social mobility is the problem and not social inequality, for they are inextricablyShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Factors Of A Student s Life And Lower Academic Outcomes1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe current social climate has no small amount of xenophobia, apathy towards the poor and inequality. Much literature has been written on how particular segments of the population are disadvantaged through their identity, limited access to resources and socialization (Ewing, 2013; Grattan, 2014 October). 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Ethical Issues in Advertising - 1963 Words

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING Advertising is a paid non personal communication about an organization and its products that is transmitted to a target audience through a mass medium. It is a kind of promotional activity. Advertising is widely criticized. Advertisements often do not include much objective information for the simple reason that their primary function is not that of providing unbiased information. Exaggerated claims and outright falsehoods are the most obvious targets for complaints, followed closely by the lack of taste, irritating repetition, and offensive character of many ads. More recently, questions have been raised about the morality of specific kinds of advertising, such as advertising for alcohol and tobacco†¦show more content†¦The physically based desires originate in the buyer and are relatively immune to being changed by persuasion. The psychic desires, however , are capable of being managed, controlled, and expanded by advertisement. The most common criticism of advertisin g concerns its effects on the consumer’s beliefs. Most criticisms of advertising focus on the deceptive aspects of modern advertising. An advertisement can misrepresent the nature of the product by using deceptive mock-ups, using untrue paid testimonials, inserting word guarantee where nothing is guaranteed, and quoting misleading prices. ETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING Marketing consists of the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user. Marketing includes a number of distinct functions like product development, distribution, pricing, promotion and sales. The burden of protecting the interest of consumers falls primarily on consumers themselves. They have the responsibility for acquiring the information needed to make rational choices. â€Å"The number-one rule in market exchanges is thus caveat emptor, or buyer beware† (Hartley 1992). The burden of protecting their own interests is too heavy for consumers to bear, especially in view of the unequal relation between buyers andShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Advertising Communication2176 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation within the business; or deal with legal and similar issues. Business Communication encompasses a variety of topics, including Marketing, Branding, Customer relations, Consumer behaviour, Advertising, Public relations, Media relations, Corporate communication, Community engagement, Research Measurement, Reputation management, Interpersonal communication, Employee engagement, Online communication, and Event management . Advertising is the most widely known weapon in the marketing armory. ThisRead MoreEthical Issues Associated With Marketing And Advertising2384 Words   |  10 Pagesare concerned with what is right and wrong whereas law is concerned with what is lawful and unlawful. 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Base on the case study, The Social Contract Theory  (SCT) generates a workable framework for solving ethical issues: * Sets main principles relevant to the organization in question * Recommends different principles for different communities * DeterminesRead MoreLegal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling1385 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology one sees around them and uses everyday has grown exponentially. In the field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the servicesRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Brand1367 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual with strong ethical background will sense when something is not right and seek the best ways to deal with an issue. While an individual with a shallow ethical background may make bad decisions and end up paying the price for it in the long-run. This theory also applies to businesses. That’s why management must be complete and thorough on their ethical goals and policies in order to protect the reputation and identity of the business brand. According to an article entitled; Ethical Marketing; WhatRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. The enormous popularity of the internet in the past decade has opened doors for marketers in a manner that one could not have imagined twenty years ago. Marketers utilize the internet for the purpose of advertising products in a great way than otherRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1505 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. 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Dracula and Victorian Culture Free Essays

In Dracula by Bram Stoker, the author explores Eastern European’s religion and culture in a number of ways, as well as traditional English notions of cultural superiority. It is important to note that the text primarily explores religion through antithesis. Stoker begins with the idea that Dracula and his ilk are damned creatures as far from God as possible, and piles upon them the sins that religion, presumably, is never guilty of: vampires are sexualized, decadent, and violent. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula and Victorian Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Worst of all to the religious readers is the fact that vampires pervert Christian notions of the resurrection of Jesus by portraying creatures who return from the grave not to provide guidance, but to prey on all of humanity. English superiority is asserted by the ending of the text, in which the English forces rout Dracula away from his pool of victims and ultimately destroy him. This represents the cycle of supernatural perversion being broken, allowing for the â€Å"normal† Christian lives to go on, free of evil’s taint. Stoker’s tale became famous for its unique take on the vampire myth. As opposed to being a horrific monster wandering the wilds, Dracula is a cultured count who is able to blend into high society (before, of course, feasting on it). By making an agent of evil unrecognizable as such, Stoker portrayed the 19th-century fear of The Other in a religious context. Readers are encouraged to hold fast to Christian beliefs, as that might be all that saves them from insidious infiltrators such as the Count. Fittingly enough, Dracula is not content with the power that he already has in the world, nor with his supernatural abilities: he wishes he could be in the world more, and affect the outcome of major events. This helps serve the didactic nature of the text. Even as Dracula is ostensibly a creature of unfathomable evil, he is portrayed as a collection of human faults, such as the lust for power. In that sense, he is a manifestation of collective sin, offering punishment for the decadent world. The world, in turn, has to settle for being saved by the English. Symbolically, Mina is the redemptive force for the sins of man in the text. She ostensibly represents the hetero-normative view which is necessary to be an exemplar of a Victorian Christian story, yet even after her marriage, she never seems sexualized by Stoker. Instead, she represents duty and obedience to her husband, as well as the more abstract qualities, such as intellect and more character. Her union with her husband is an obvious counterpoint to Dracula’s relationship with the three sisters: even in â€Å"proper† marriage, she is portrayed as chaste, bordering on sexless†¦the Victorian ideal. Regarding Dracula and his relationship to his three â€Å"sisters,† the reader is free to speculate on its true nature. At best, it seems to be a parody of matrimony, with the women representing a kind of harem (hence, the representations in pop culture of the three sisters as â€Å"the brides of Dracula). With Stoker taking special care to note two of the women resembling Dracula himself, there is even the possibility of incest added to the already-disturbing nature of erotic violence permeating the text. Erotic violence symbolically provides the ironic climax for Dracula himself. For all of the strange instruments that are wielded to ward off and harm vampires throughout the text, it is ultimately knives that are used to dispose of the Count. In this sense, English cultural superiority is asserted over its evil Other by appropriate the violence of the other: just as Dracula corrupts good people by piercing them, the countryside can only be cleansed (as in, returned to its Judeo-Christian, hetero-normative and ultraconservative state) by piercing Dracula himself. The violated become the violators, and the Other is driven from the countryside, once and for all. The purity of the countryside is even evoked by Dracula’s specialized dirt, a not-so-subtle representation of another land corrupting good Christian citizens before it is properly sterilized. There are hints of symbolic Eugenics embedded here: sterilizing a corrupting outsider’s land before driving him out so he can no longer convert others to his cause, leaving good Christians (such as Mina) to continue the proper race of the English (even though she remains so seemingly chaste). Ultimately, the reason for the enduring popularity of Stoker’s text is the surprisingly sympathetic nature of Count Dracula himself. He is at once a creature of two worlds: a horrible monster who literally preys on humanity, and a cultured old man who represents knowledge of the world. He is a bloodthirsty abomination who, nevertheless, seeks out companionship. He is an unknowable monster from the depths of hell, yet the shades that comprise him are made up of all-too-familiar human sins. Stoker doubtlessly wrote the book to reassert the cultural values of the time: his creature of the night, with human follies, is driven out and killed. Yet the text endures because, as times become less overtly Christian and much less conservative, individuals sympathize with the persecuted monster more than they do the gallant Christian forces. And long after Victorian England slips further into the footnotes of history, the vampire myth will continue attracting souls who perceive themselves as outcasts from the sterilizing forces of society. How to cite Dracula and Victorian Culture, Papers

Contract Law for Consideration and Legal Intention -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContract Law for Consideration and Legal Intention. Answer: Keith A. Rowleys article, You Asked for it, You Got it Toy Yoda: Practical Jokes, Prizes and Contract Law This article discusses about the assent, contractual intent and consideration issues that are involved in offers or acceptances that are made jokingly or in jest, contests, reward offers and other related topics. This article further talk about the essential factors that form a valid contract, such as offer, acceptance, consideration, legal intention to be bound by the contract and legal capacity to enter into a contract. The broad theories of contract have been stating that the law regulating the formation of contract is objective in nature although there are certain subjective elements[1]. A person acts in reliance only after comprehending that someone has made a commitment. It is the appearance of intention that matters the most and while it often refers to mutual assent, it takes place through performing or promising and an act of promising is defined as a manifestation of a commitment. The author discusses the case explicitly to explain the objective manifestation of assent test to safeguard the rights of the parties against persons who breaches the contractual terms on the ground that the agreement was made in jest. In the given case, the arguments regarding whether the contract formed between Berry and Blaire was legally binding involves two essential questions. Firstly, whether the statement made by Blaire was in jest such that it cannot be considered as acceptable by Berrys performance[2]. Secondly, whether the statement made by Blaire amounted to a valid offer to form a contract that is acceptable on Berrys performance, even if such statement was not made in jest. In regards to the first question whether any agreement made in jest can be considered as binding contract, the legal principle has been explained in Lucy v Zehmer [1954][3]. The objective theory of assent was applied by the court in this case. The defendant attempted to exempt from his contractual liabilities on the ground that he was joking while the agreement was made or that he did not have any legal intention to fulfill the promise he made to the plaintiff. The Supreme Court of Virginia held that if the words and conduct of a person is construed by a reasonable standard, it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whether such conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Therefore, under such circumstances, a person cannot state that he was joking or jesting while the agreement was made. If the words or the conduct of the person is such that any prudent person would believe that, such person had legal intention to bind the contract agreement. In the Lucys case, it was held as immaterial whether the writing that the defendant signed was the outcome of the serious offer that was made by Lucy and accepted by the defendant or whether such offer and acceptance between the parties was held in jest. Under either circumstance, it amounted to a binding sale contract between the parties. Further, in Mullen v Christiansen [Alaska 1982][4], the court held that a party who averts his/her contractual obligations, which otherwise is considered as a valid contract, shall bear the onus of proof that the parties did not have any legal intention to form a valid contract, despite the presence of objective manifestations of assent. The fact that there were differences that arose subsequently between the parties to the contract cannot be considered as sufficient evidence to establish validity of the original contract. Furthermore, the self-serving testimony of the parties to the contract with respect to their subjective intentions is not sufficient evidence to establish whether the parties have entered into the contract[5]. In Berrys case, in regards to the first formation issue whether the statement made by Blaire was in jest such that it cannot be considered as acceptable by Berrys performance, it can be stated that Berrys performance makes it clear that the statement made by Berry did amount to formation of a contract. This is evident from the fact when Blair stated the winner should receive a new Toyota[6]. As the contest advanced, Blair told Berry that he is not sure whether the contest winner would receive a Toyota truck, van or car, but she would have to pay registration fees on the vehicle. Any prudent person would have comprehended from the statement made by Blair that is was not made in jest and was a contract. He further blindfolded Berry and led her to the parking lot of the restaurant, which signifies that she was to be rewarded with the alleged Toyota Car. Therefore, his conducts as well as his words establishes the fact that it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whet her such conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Furthermore, any prudent person would believe that, Blair had legal intention to bind the contract agreement from his conduct and words. In regards to the second issue whether the statement made by Blaire amounted to a valid offer to form a contract that is acceptable on Berrys performance, even if such statement was not made in jest, the court found similarity between the nature of offer made in the Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893][7]. In Carlill, the defendant offered a 100 reward to anyone who contacted influenza despite using the flu treatment as per direction of the plaintiff. The offer made was held valid by the court as Carbolic made a valid offer that any person who uses the treatment as directed but still catches cold shall be rewarded and that Carlill had accepted such offer that makes it eligible to receive the rewards. The escrow deposit mentioned and made by Carbolic is the evidence of the sincere intention of the parties to the contract. The validity of the offer cannot be avoided on the ground that the reward was offered to any person who chose to accept the offer of using the smoke ball as per instructions[8]. The court further stated that the acceptance made by Carlill could not be defeated on the ground that she failed to acknowledge Carbolic that she has an intention to use the advertised treatment for two weeks as intended. Carbolic made a continuing offer that could have only be accepted by using the smoke ball as per its instructions. Furthermore, the only notice that was required to be sent to Carbolic was the notice in case, the advertised treatment failed to work as per instructions. Courts have opined that valid offers for unilateral contracts in reward offers and in prizes do not necessitates the offeree to establish that the offeror was at fault, but by merely performing certain act that the offeree was otherwise not obligated to perform, it establishes that the offeror was wrong[9]. In Las Vegas Hacienda, 359 P.2d at 86, the Nevada Supreme Court held that any offer made by one party to provide specified compensation on performing a certain act as a proposition to all persons who accepts such offer and comply with its conditions, shall be considered as a promise made by the offeror[10]. The performance of such act forms the consideration for such promise, which leads to the formation of contract enforceable at law. Further, to determine whether employer-initiated prizes amounts to enforceable contracts when the employees are already obliged to work on behalf of the employees, it is important to decide whether the obligation is pre-existing or an additional requirement not imposed by law previously. In the event, the contract requires an additional obligation to be performed by the employees, especially, when the law did not impose such obligation previously, such contract shall sustain by consideration and held valid. Offers made in unilateral contracts becomes legally binding upon the offering employer if an employee commences to perform the conditions of the offer in reliance of such offer[11]. Under the given facts of the case, the Hooters contest was not a simple drawing for winning the Toyota. Berry had to sell most of the beer at her restaurant for qualifying to win the Toyota. This was necessary for her to stay employed at Hooters, which was optional for her not to do; hence, she was encouraged to put in additional effort to get herself into the drawing to win Toyota, thus, amounting to consideration that is important to form a valid contract[12]. Therefore, from the above discussions, it can be held that the contract entered between Blair and Berry was valid and enforceable. In unilateral contacts, an offer and acceptance is valid when the offeree relies on such offer and performs the conditions of the offer[13]. As stated above, valid offers for unilateral contracts in reward offers and in prizes do not necessitates the offeree to establish that the offeror was at fault, but performance of certain act that the offeree was otherwise not obligated to perform, establishes that the offeror was wrong. Further, the fact that she had to sell most of the beers would get her into the drawings to win a Toyota, which were not her pre-existing obligations. Hence, this amounts to consideration that further renders the contract valid. When the conduct or words of a person is construed by any prudent person that the party has legal intention to be bound by the contract, it manifests an intention to agree irrespective of the fact whether su ch conduct or words were merely a state of mind. Thus, the contract was not made in jest and was enforceable in the court of law. Reference list Berry v Gulf Coast Wings Inc Caranta, Roberto. "Remedies in EU Public Contract Law: The Proceduralisation of EU Public Procurement Legislation."Review of European Administrative Law8.1 (2015): 75-98. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256 Frazier, Adrian. "Irish Acting in the Early Twentieth Century."The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Theatre. 2016. Fried, Charles.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Las Vegas Hacienda, 359 P.2d at 86 Lucy v Zehmer [1954] 84 S.E.2d 516 MacQueen, Hector Lewis. "Illegality and Immorality in Contracts: Towards European Principles." (2014). McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Mullen v Christiansen [Alaska 1982] 642 P.2d 1345, 1350 Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Veasey, E. Norman, and Jane M. Simon. "The Conundrum of When Delaware Contract Law Will Allow Evidence Outside the Contract's" Four Corners" in Construing an Unambiguous Contractual Provision."Business Lawyer72.4 (2017).